November 2011

Herpesviruses have evolved a stunning array of mechanisms to escape immune detection, both by CTLs and NK cells. The HHV-7 U21 open reading frame encodes a protein that can bind to and reroute both class I MHC molecules and the NK-activating ligand ULBP1 to the lysosomal compartment. This deconvolved widefield epifluorescence micrograph shows co-localization of the NK-activating ligand ULBP1 with lamp2, a lysosomal membrane protein, in U21-expressing astrocytoma cells. Alexafluor-488- and -598-conjugated secondary antibodies were used to label antibodies directed against lamp2 (green) and HHV-7 U21 (magenta). Light green-white indicates co-localization (see Schneider and Hudson, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002362).

Image Credit: Amy W. Hudson and Christine L. Schneider, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin

Opinion

Simple Rapid Near-Patient Diagnostics for Tuberculosis Remain Elusive—Is a “Treat-to-Test” Strategy More Realistic?

Alice L. den Hertog, Oleg A. Mayboroda, Paul R. Klatser, Richard M. Anthony

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002207

Pearls

Microbial Spy Games and Host Response: Roles of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Small Molecule in Communication with Other Species

Lucja M. Jarosz, Ekaterina S. Ovchinnikova, Michael M. Meijler, Bastiaan P. Krom

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002312

Review

The Role of the P2X₇ Receptor in Infectious Diseases

Catherine M. Miller, Nicola R. Boulter, Stephen J. Fuller, Alana M. Zakrzewski, Michael P. Lees, Bernadette M. Saunders, James S. Wiley, Nicholas C. Smith

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002212

Research Articles

Inhibition of IL-10 Production by Maternal Antibodies against Group B Streptococcus GAPDH Confers Immunity to Offspring by Favoring Neutrophil Recruitment

Pedro Madureira, Elva Bonifácio Andrade, Bernardo Gama, Liliana Oliveira, Susana Moreira, Adília Ribeiro, Margarida Correia-Neves, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, Manuel Vilanova, Paula Ferreira

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002363

Deletion of Cryptococcus neoformans AIF Ortholog Promotes Chromosome Aneuploidy and Fluconazole-Resistance in a Metacaspase-Independent Manner

Camile P. Semighini, Anna F. Averette, John R. Perfect, Joseph Heitman

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002364

Shedding Light on the Elusive Role of Endothelial Cells in Cytomegalovirus Dissemination

Torsten Sacher, Joachim Andrassy, Aivars Kalnins, Lars Dölken, Stefan Jordan, Jürgen Podlech, Zsolt Ruzsics, Karl-Walter Jauch, Matthias J. Reddehase, Ulrich H. Koszinowski

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002366

Metagenomic Analysis of Fever, Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia Syndrome (FTLS) in Henan Province, China: Discovery of a New Bunyavirus

Bianli Xu, Licheng Liu, Xueyong Huang, Hong Ma, Yuan Zhang, Yanhua Du, Pengzhi Wang, Xiaoyan Tang, Haifeng Wang, Kai Kang, Shiqiang Zhang, Guohua Zhao, Weili Wu, Yinhui Yang, Haomin Chen, Feng Mu, Weijun Chen

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002369

Ultra-Efficient PrP^Sc Amplification Highlights Potentialities and Pitfalls of PMCA Technology

Gian Mario Cosseddu, Romolo Nonno, Gabriele Vaccari, Cecilia Bucalossi, Natalia Fernandez-Borges, Michele Angelo Di Bari, Joaquin Castilla, Umberto Agrimi

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002370

A Gammaherpesvirus Cooperates with Interferon-alpha/beta-Induced IRF2 to Halt Viral Replication, Control Reactivation, and Minimize Host Lethality

Pratyusha Mandal, Bridgette E. Krueger, Darby Oldenburg, Katherine A. Andry, R. Suzanne Beard, Douglas W. White, Erik S. Barton

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002371

A TNF-Regulated Recombinatorial Macrophage Immune Receptor Implicated in Granuloma Formation in Tuberculosis

Alexander W. Beham, Kerstin Puellmann, Rebecca Laird, Tina Fuchs, Roswita Streich, Caroline Breysach, Dirk Raddatz, Septimia Oniga, Teresa Peccerella, Peter Findeisen, Julia Kzhyshkowska, Alexei Gratchev, Stefan Schweyer, Bernadette Saunders, Johannes T. Wessels, Wiebke Möbius, Joseph Keane, Heinz Becker, Arnold Ganser, Michael Neumaier, Wolfgang E. Kaminski

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002375

Indirect DNA Readout by an H-NS Related Protein: Structure of the DNA Complex of the C-Terminal Domain of Ler

Tiago N. Cordeiro, Holger Schmidt, Cristina Madrid, Antonio Juárez, Pau Bernadó, Christian Griesinger, Jesús García, Miquel Pons

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002380

Protease-Resistant Prions Selectively Decrease Shadoo Protein

Joel C. Watts, Jan Stöhr, Sumita Bhardwaj, Holger Wille, Abby Oehler, Stephen J. DeArmond, Kurt Giles, Stanley B. Prusiner

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002382

SH3 Domain-Mediated Recruitment of Host Cell Amphiphysins by Alphavirus nsP3 Promotes Viral RNA Replication

Maarit Neuvonen, Arunas Kazlauskas, Miika Martikainen, Ari Hinkkanen, Tero Ahola, Kalle Saksela

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002383

UDP-glucose 4, 6-dehydratase Activity Plays an Important Role in Maintaining Cell Wall Integrity and Virulence of Candida albicans

Manimala Sen, Bhavin Shah, Srabanti Rakshit, Vijender Singh, Bhavna Padmanabhan, Manikandan Ponnusamy, Koteppa Pari, Ram Vishwakarma, Dipankar Nandi, Parag P. Sadhale

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002384

Antibody Evasion by a Gammaherpesvirus O-Glycan Shield

Bénédicte Machiels, Céline Lété, Antoine Guillaume, Jan Mast, Philip G. Stevenson, Alain Vanderplasschen, Laurent Gillet

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002387

A Kinase Chaperones Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly and Captures Capsid Dynamics in vitro

Chao Chen, Joseph Che-Yen Wang, Adam Zlotnick

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002388

Down-Regulation of Shadoo in Prion Infections Traces a Pre-Clinical Event Inversely Related to PrP^Sc Accumulation

David Westaway, Sacha Genovesi, Nathalie Daude, Rebecca Brown, Agnes Lau, Inyoul Lee, Charles E. Mays, Janaky Coomaraswamy, Brenda Canine, Rose Pitstick, Allen Herbst, Jing Yang, Kerry W. S. Ko, Gerold Schmitt-Ulms, Stephen J. DeArmond, Debbie McKenzie, Leroy Hood, George A. Carlson

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002391

Neurons are MHC Class I-Dependent Targets for CD8 T Cells upon Neurotropic Viral Infection

Grégoire Chevalier, Elsa Suberbielle, Céline Monnet, Valérie Duplan, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Fanny Farrugia, Gwendal Le Masson, Roland Liblau, Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002393

Transcriptome Analysis of Aedes aegypti Transgenic Mosquitoes with Altered Immunity

Zhen Zou, Jayme Souza-Neto, Zhiyong Xi, Vladimir Kokoza, Sang Woon Shin, George Dimopoulos, Alexander Raikhel

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002394

Evolution of a Species-Specific Determinant within Human CRM1 that Regulates the Post-transcriptional Phases of HIV-1 Replication

Nathan M. Sherer, Chad M. Swanson, Stéphane Hué, Roland G. Roberts, Julien R. C. Bergeron, Michael H. Malim

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002395

The Splicing Factor Proline-Glutamine Rich (SFPQ/PSF) Is Involved in Influenza Virus Transcription

Sara Landeras-Bueno, Núria Jorba, Maite Pérez-Cidoncha, Juan Ortín

PLOS Pathogens: published November 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002397

West Nile Virus Experimental Evolution in vivo and the Trade-off Hypothesis

Eleanor R. Deardorff, Kelly A. Fitzpatrick, Greta V. S. Jerzak, Pei-Yong Shi, Laura D. Kramer, Gregory D. Ebel

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002335

Murine Gamma Herpesvirus 68 Hijacks MAVS and IKKβ to Abrogate NFκB Activation and Antiviral Cytokine Production

Xiaonan Dong, Pinghui Feng

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002336

Murid Herpesvirus-4 Exploits Dendritic Cells to Infect B Cells

Miguel Gaspar, Janet S. May, Soumi Sukla, Bruno Frederico, Michael B. Gill, Christopher M. Smith, Gabrielle T. Belz, Philip G. Stevenson

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002346

Phytophthora sojae Avirulence Effector Avr3b is a Secreted NADH and ADP-ribose Pyrophosphorylase that Modulates Plant Immunity

Suomeng Dong, Weixiao Yin, Guanghui Kong, Xinyu Yang, Dinah Qutob, Qinghe Chen, Shiv D. Kale, Yangyang Sui, Zhengguang Zhang, Daolong Dou, Xiaobo Zheng, Mark Gijzen, Brett M. Tyler, Yuanchao Wang

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002353

Novel Anti-bacterial Activities of β-defensin 1 in Human Platelets: Suppression of Pathogen Growth and Signaling of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation

Bjoern F. Kraemer, Robert A. Campbell, Hansjörg Schwertz, Mark J. Cody, Zechariah Franks, Neal D. Tolley, Walter H. A. Kahr, Stephan Lindemann, Peter Seizer, Christian C. Yost, Guy A. Zimmerman, Andrew S. Weyrich

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002355

Evolution of Multidrug Resistance during Staphylococcus aureus Infection Involves Mutation of the Essential Two Component Regulator WalKR

Benjamin P. Howden, Christopher R. E. McEvoy, David L. Allen, Kyra Chua, Wei Gao, Paul F. Harrison, Jan Bell, Geoffrey Coombs, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Jessica L. Porter, Roy Robins-Browne, John K. Davies, Torsten Seemann, Timothy P. Stinear

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002359

The Human Herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) U21 Immunoevasin Subverts NK-Mediated Cytoxicity through Modulation of MICA and MICB

Christine L. Schneider, Amy W. Hudson

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002362

CD4 T Cell Immunity Is Critical for the Control of Simian Varicella Virus Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of VZV Infection

Kristen Haberthur, Flora Engelmann, Byng Park, Alex Barron, Alfred Legasse, Jesse Dewane, Miranda Fischer, Amelia Kerns, Monica Brown, Ilhem Messaoudi

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002367

Galactosaminogalactan, a New Immunosuppressive Polysaccharide of Aspergillus fumigatus

Thierry Fontaine, Aurélie Delangle, Catherine Simenel, Bernadette Coddeville, Sandra J. van Vliet, Yvette van Kooyk, Silvia Bozza, Silvia Moretti, Flavio Schwarz, Coline Trichot, Markus Aebi, Muriel Delepierre, Carole Elbim, Luigina Romani, Jean-Paul Latgé

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002372

CD11b⁺, Ly6G⁺ Cells Produce Type I Interferon and Exhibit Tissue Protective Properties Following Peripheral Virus Infection

Matthew A. Fischer, Michael L. Davies, Irene E. Reider, Erica L. Heipertz, Melanie R. Epler, Janet J. Sei, Molly A. Ingersoll, Nico Van Rooijen, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, Christopher C. Norbury

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002374

EBV Tegument Protein BNRF1 Disrupts DAXX-ATRX to Activate Viral Early Gene Transcription

Kevin Tsai, Nadezhda Thikmyanova, Jason A. Wojcechowskyj, Henri-Jacques Delecluse, Paul M. Lieberman

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002376

Early Secreted Antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Promotes Protective T Helper 17 Cell Responses in a Toll-Like Receptor-2-dependent Manner

Samit Chatterjee, Ved Prakash Dwivedi, Yogesh Singh, Imran Siddiqui, Pawan Sharma, Luc Van Kaer, Debprasad Chattopadhyay, Gobardhan Das

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002378

Cross-Reactive T Cells Are Involved in Rapid Clearance of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus in Nonhuman Primates

Jason T. Weinfurter, Kevin Brunner, Saverio V. Capuano III, Chengjun Li, Karl W. Broman, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Thomas C. Friedrich

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002381

Towards a Structural Comprehension of Bacterial Type VI Secretion Systems: Characterization of the TssJ-TssM Complex of an Escherichia coli Pathovar

Catarina Felisberto-Rodrigues, Eric Durand, Marie-Stéphanie Aschtgen, Stéphanie Blangy, Miguel Ortiz-Lombardia, Badreddine Douzi, Christian Cambillau, Eric Cascales

PLOS Pathogens: published November 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002386

SAG101 Forms a Ternary Complex with EDS1 and PAD4 and Is Required for Resistance Signaling against Turnip Crinkle Virus

Shifeng Zhu, Rae-Dong Jeong, Srivathsa C. Venugopal, Ludmila Lapchyk, DuRoy Navarre, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002318

Assessing Predicted HIV-1 Replicative Capacity in a Clinical Setting

Roger D. Kouyos, Viktor von Wyl, Trevor Hinkley, Christos J. Petropoulos, Mojgan Haddad, Jeannette M. Whitcomb, Jürg Böni, Sabine Yerly, Cristina Cellerai, Thomas Klimkait, Huldrych F. Günthard, Sebastian Bonhoeffer, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002321

BST2/Tetherin Enhances Entry of Human Cytomegalovirus

Kasinath Viswanathan, M. Shane Smith, Daniel Malouli, Mandana Mansouri, Jay A. Nelson, Klaus Früh

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002332

Genomic Transition to Pathogenicity in Chytrid Fungi

Suzanne Joneson, Jason E. Stajich, Shin-Han Shiu, Erica Bree Rosenblum

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002338

The Critical Role of Notch Ligand Delta-like 1 in the Pathogenesis of Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection

Toshihiro Ito, Ronald M. Allen, William F. Carson IV, Matthew Schaller, Karen A. Cavassani, Cory M. Hogaboam, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Akihiro Matsukawa, Steven L. Kunkel

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002341

Sequence-Based Analysis Uncovers an Abundance of Non-Coding RNA in the Total Transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Kristine B. Arnvig, Iñaki Comas, Nicholas R. Thomson, Joanna Houghton, Helena I. Boshoff, Nicholas J. Croucher, Graham Rose, Timothy T. Perkins, Julian Parkhill, Gordon Dougan, Douglas B. Young

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002342

Unique Type I Interferon Responses Determine the Functional Fate of Migratory Lung Dendritic Cells during Influenza Virus Infection

Bruno Moltedo, Wenjing Li, Jacob S. Yount, Thomas M. Moran

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002345

Rab7A Is Required for Efficient Production of Infectious HIV-1

Marina Caillet, Katy Janvier, Annegret Pelchen–Matthews, Delphine Delcroix-Genête, Grégory Camus, Mark Marsh, Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002347

Multiple Candidate Effectors from the Oomycete Pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Suppress Host Plant Immunity

Georgina Fabro, Jens Steinbrenner, Mary Coates, Naveed Ishaque, Laura Baxter, David J. Studholme, Evelyn Körner, Rebecca L. Allen, Sophie J. M. Piquerez, Alejandra Rougon-Cardoso, David Greenshields, Rita Lei, Jorge L. Badel, Marie-Cecile Caillaud, Kee-Hoon Sohn, Guido Van den Ackerveken, Jane E. Parker, Jim Beynon, Jonathan D. G. Jones

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002348

Fatal Prion Disease in a Mouse Model of Genetic E200K Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Yael Friedman-Levi, Zeev Meiner, Tamar Canello, Kati Frid, Gabor G. Kovacs, Herbert Budka, Dana Avrahami, Ruth Gabizon

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002350

Anti-filarial Activity of Antibiotic Therapy Is Due to Extensive Apoptosis after Wolbachia Depletion from Filarial Nematodes

Frederic Landmann, Denis Voronin, William Sullivan, Mark J. Taylor

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002351

A LysM and SH3-Domain Containing Region of the Listeria monocytogenes p60 Protein Stimulates Accessory Cells to Promote Activation of Host NK Cells

Rebecca L. Schmidt, Holly C. Filak, Jack D. Lemon, Terry A. Potter, Laurel L. Lenz

PLOS Pathogens: published November 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002368

Cover

Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) U21 causes redistribution of NK-activating ligands to lysosomes.

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