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Invasive EPEC.
Since its discovery in 1945, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) has been considered an extracellular pathogen, which triggers formation of actin-rich pedestal-like structures at the bacterial attachment site. Richard Bulgin et al. discovered a novel category of invasive EPEC. EPEC (blue) invasion via membrane ruffles (red) is dependent on the type III secretion system effector EspT and activation of Rac1 and Wave2. Invasive bacteria reside within an EPEC-containing vacuole (ECV) and trigger formation of intracellular actin pedestals that are essential for intracellular survival/multiplication (see Bulgin et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000683).
Image Credit: Richard Bulgin, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London
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