About the Authors

Quanxin Long

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

Ran Yan

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Jieli Hu

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

Dawei Cai

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Bidisha Mitra

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Elena S. Kim

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Alexander Marchetti

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Hu Zhang

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Soujuan Wang

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Yuanjie Liu

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Ailong Huang

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources

Affiliation Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

Haitao Guo

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

haitguo@iupui.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.