About the Authors

Li Qin

Affiliations Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China

Fei Da

Affiliations Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

Emilie L. Fisher

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Daniel C. S. Tan

Current Address: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Thuan H. Nguyen

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Chih-Lung Fu

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Vee Y. Tan

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Joshua W. McCausland

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Daniel E. Sturdevant

Affiliation Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Hwang-Soo Joo

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Shu Y. Queck

Current Address: Biomerieux Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Gordon Y. C. Cheung

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Michael Otto

motto@niaid.nih.gov

Affiliation Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: MO. Data curation: DES. Formal analysis: LQ JWM MO. Funding acquisition: MO. Investigation: LQ FD DCST THN CLF VYT JWM DES HSJ SYQ GYCC ELF. Methodology: LQ GYCC THN SYQ MO. Project administration: MO. Supervision: MO. Validation: LQ THN GYCC MO. Visualization: MO. Writing – original draft: MO. Writing – review & editing: MO.