About the Authors

Neil Berry

Contributed equally to this work with: Neil Berry, Maria Manoussaka

neil.berry@nibsc.org

Affiliation Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom

Maria Manoussaka

Contributed equally to this work with: Neil Berry, Maria Manoussaka

Affiliation Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Claire Ham

Affiliation Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom

Deborah Ferguson

Affiliation Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom

Hannah Tudor

Affiliation Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom

Giada Mattiuzzo

Affiliation Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom

Bep Klaver

Affiliation Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Mark Page

Affiliation Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom

Richard Stebbings

Affiliation Division of Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom

Atze T. Das

Affiliation Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Ben Berkhout

‡ co-senior author

Affiliation Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Neil Almond

‡ co-senior author

Affiliation Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom

Martin P. Cranage

‡ co-senior author

Affiliation Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: NB MM DF MP RS ATD BB NA MPC. Formal analysis: NB MM ATD BB NA MPC. Funding acquisition: BB NA MPC. Investigation: NB MM CH DF HT GM BK MP RS. Methodology: NB MM ATD BB NA MPC. Project administration: NB BB NA MPC. Supervision: NB DF RS ATD BB NA MPC. Validation: NB MM MP RS ATD BB NA MPC. Visualization: NB MPC. Writing – original draft: NB MPC. Writing – review & editing: NB MM ATD BB NA MPC.