About the Authors

Roland Züst

Contributed equally to this work with: Roland Züst, Hongping Dong, Xiao-Feng Li

Affiliation Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore

Hongping Dong

Contributed equally to this work with: Roland Züst, Hongping Dong, Xiao-Feng Li

Affiliation Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore

Xiao-Feng Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Roland Züst, Hongping Dong, Xiao-Feng Li

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China

David C. Chang

Affiliation Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore

Bo Zhang

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China

Thavamalar Balakrishnan

Affiliation Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore

Ying-Xiu Toh

Affiliation Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore

Tao Jiang

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Shi-Hua Li

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Yong-Qiang Deng

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Brett R. Ellis

Affiliation Duke Graduate Medical School, Singapore

Esther M. Ellis

Affiliation Duke Graduate Medical School, Singapore

Michael Poidinger

Affiliation Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore

Francesca Zolezzi

Affiliation Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore

Cheng-Feng Qin

qincf@bmi.ac.cn (CFQ); pei_yong.shi@novartis.com (PYS); Katja_Fink@immunol.a-star.edu.sg (KF)

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Pei-Yong Shi

qincf@bmi.ac.cn (CFQ); pei_yong.shi@novartis.com (PYS); Katja_Fink@immunol.a-star.edu.sg (KF)

Affiliations Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America

Katja Fink

qincf@bmi.ac.cn (CFQ); pei_yong.shi@novartis.com (PYS); Katja_Fink@immunol.a-star.edu.sg (KF)

Affiliation Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore

Competing Interests

We have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: HD, DC and PYS are currently or have been under the employment of Novartis, which provided funds and equipment to conduct the studies and where they receive salary, benefits and stock. This does not alter our adherence to all PLoS Pathogens policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PYS KF CFQ RZ. Performed the experiments: KF RZ HD XFL DCC BZ TB YXT TJ SHL YQD BRE EME. Analyzed the data: PYS KF CFQ RZ HD BRE FZ MP. Wrote the paper: KF RZ PYS CFQ.