About the Authors

Claudio Murgia

Affiliation Medical Research Council – University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

Marco Caporale

Affiliations Medical Research Council – University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom, Istituto G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy

Ousman Ceesay

Affiliation Medical Research Council – University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

Gabriella Di Francesco

Affiliation Istituto G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy

Nicola Ferri

Affiliation Istituto G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy

Vincenzo Varasano

Affiliation Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Facolta' di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita' di Teramo, Italy

Marcelo de las Heras

Affiliation Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Massimo Palmarini

massimo.palmarini@glasgow.ac.uk

Affiliation Medical Research Council – University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CM MC MP. Performed the experiments: CM MC OC GDF NF VV MdlH. Analyzed the data: CM MC MdlH MP. Wrote the paper: CM MC MP.