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October 2015

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Transparency in Reporting Observational Studies: Reflections after a Year
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In August 2014, the PLOS Medicine editors announced new standards for reporting observational studies (including cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional designs) in the journal.

These standards involved requiring the appropriate STROBE (or STARD) checklist, requesting a prior analysis plan, and asking authors to explain any differences between what had been planned and what was done. We also emphasized sharing of underlying data as required by the PLOS-wide data policy.

In this month's editorial, we take stock of changes in the reporting of observational studies that have appeared in PLOS Medicine since that time.

Image Credit: 50732955@N00, Flickr

Editorial

Transparency in Reporting Observational Studies: Reflections after a Year

The PLOS Medicine Editors

PLOS Medicine: published October 27, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001896

Essay

Monitoring Mortality in Forced Migrants—Can Bayesian Methods Help Us to Do Better with the (Little) Data We Have?

Peter Heudtlass, Niko Speybroeck, Debarati Guha-Sapir

PLOS Medicine: published October 20, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001887

Perspectives

Continuity in Drinking Water Supply

Clarissa Brocklehurst, Tom Slaymaker

PLOS Medicine: published October 27, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001894

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New Clinical Decision Instruments Can and Should Reduce Radiation Exposure

Emmanuel Lagarde

PLOS Medicine: published October 6, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001884

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Guidelines and Guidance

Using Qualitative Evidence in Decision Making for Health and Social Interventions: An Approach to Assess Confidence in Findings from Qualitative Evidence Syntheses (GRADE-CERQual)

Simon Lewin, Claire Glenton, Heather Munthe-Kaas, Benedicte Carlsen, Christopher J. Colvin, Metin Gülmezoglu, Jane Noyes, Andrew Booth, Ruth Garside, Arash Rashidian

PLOS Medicine: published October 27, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001895

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  1. Correction: Using Qualitative Evidence in Decision Making for Health and Social Interventions: An Approach to Assess Confidence in Findings from Qualitative Evidence Syntheses (GRADE-CERQual)

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Meta-analyses of Diagnostic and Prognostic Modeling Studies: Guidance on Their Use

Thomas P. A. Debray, Richard D. Riley, Maroeska M. Rovers, Johannes B. Reitsma, Karel G. M. Moons, Cochrane IPD Meta-analysis Methods group

PLOS Medicine: published October 13, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001886

The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) Statement

Eric I. Benchimol, Liam Smeeth, Astrid Guttmann, Katie Harron, David Moher, Irene Petersen, Henrik T. Sørensen, Erik von Elm, Sinéad M. Langan, RECORD Working Committee

PLOS Medicine: published October 6, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001885

Research Articles

Strategies for Understanding and Reducing the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale Hypnozoite Reservoir in Papua New Guinean Children: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial and Mathematical Model

Leanne J. Robinson, Rahel Wampfler, Inoni Betuela, Stephan Karl, Michael T. White, Connie S. N. Li Wai Suen, Natalie E. Hofmann, Benson Kinboro, Andreea Waltmann, Jessica Brewster, Lina Lorry, Nandao Tarongka, Lornah Samol, Mariabeth Silkey, Quique Bassat, Peter M. Siba, Louis Schofield, Ingrid Felger, Ivo Mueller

PLOS Medicine: published October 27, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001891

Upgrading a Piped Water Supply from Intermittent to Continuous Delivery and Association with Waterborne Illness: A Matched Cohort Study in Urban India

Ayse Ercumen, Benjamin F. Arnold, Emily Kumpel, Zachary Burt, Isha Ray, Kara Nelson, John M. Colford Jr.

PLOS Medicine: published October 27, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001892

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Water Supply Interruptions and Suspected Cholera Incidence: A Time-Series Regression in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Aurélie Jeandron, Jaime Mufitini Saidi, Alois Kapama, Manu Burhole, Freddy Birembano, Thierry Vandevelde, Antonio Gasparrini, Ben Armstrong, Sandy Cairncross, Jeroen H. J. Ensink

PLOS Medicine: published October 27, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001893

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Effect of Health Risk Assessment and Counselling on Health Behaviour and Survival in Older People: A Pragmatic Randomised Trial

Andreas E. Stuck, André Moser, Ueli Morf, Urban Wirz, Joseph Wyser, Gerhard Gillmann, Stephan Born, Marcel Zwahlen, Steve Iliffe, Danielle Harari, Cameron Swift, John C. Beck, Matthias Egger

PLOS Medicine: published October 19, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001889

Monitoring Pharmacologically Induced Immunosuppression by Immune Repertoire Sequencing to Detect Acute Allograft Rejection in Heart Transplant Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Christopher Vollmers, Iwijn De Vlaminck, Hannah A. Valantine, Lolita Penland, Helen Luikart, Calvin Strehl, Garrett Cohen, Kiran K. Khush, Stephen R. Quake

PLOS Medicine: published October 14, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001890

P2RX7 Purinoceptor: A Therapeutic Target for Ameliorating the Symptoms of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Anthony Sinadinos, Christopher N. J. Young, Rasha Al-Khalidi, Anna Teti, Paweł Kalinski, Shafini Mohamad, Léonore Floriot, Tiphaine Henry, Gianluca Tozzi, Taiwen Jiang, Olivier Wurtz, Alexis Lefebvre, Mikhail Shugay, Jie Tong, David Vaudry, Stephen Arkle, Jean-Claude doRego, Dariusz C. Górecki

PLOS Medicine: published October 13, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001888

Derivation and Validation of Two Decision Instruments for Selective Chest CT in Blunt Trauma: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study (NEXUS Chest CT)

Robert M. Rodriguez, Mark I. Langdorf, Daniel Nishijima, Brigitte M. Baumann, Gregory W. Hendey, Anthony J. Medak, Ali S. Raja, Isabel E. Allen, William R. Mower

PLOS Medicine: published October 6, 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001883

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