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Table of Contents

April 2008

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Transparency in the Conduct and Reporting of Research.
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Transparency in the conduct and reporting of health research is the concern of this month's editorial, which announces the launch of the new Guidelines and Guidance section in PLoS Medicine. The section will include articles that raise awareness of new methodological approaches, community standards for reporting and carrying out research, and guides to approaching statistical and methodological issues. Proposals for papers to be considered for this section can be entered through our presubmission system.

PLoS Medicine has actively promoted standards to improve the conduct and quality of research, including papers detailing the STROBE guidelines for observational studies (von Elm, et al. e296; Vandenbroucke, et al. e297) and the CONSORT statement for abstracts of randomized controlled trials (Hopewell, et al. e20). As the editorial mentions, the new section is timely, given the inaugural meeting of the EQUATOR (Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research) network in June, an initiative to provide resources and training relating to good research reporting.

Image Credit: Globes at the Museum of Communication, Berlin, by tuppus

Editorial

Better Reporting, Better Research: Guidelines and Guidance in PLoS Medicine

The PLoS Medicine Editors

PLOS Medicine: published April 29, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050099

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  1. Data Cleaning: Detecting, Diagnosing, and Editing Data Abnormalities
  2. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration
  3. CONSORT for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Journal and Conference Abstracts: Explanation and Elaboration
  4. Enrolling Adolescents in Research on HIV and Other Sensitive Issues: Lessons from South Africa
  5. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
  6. Valid Consent for Genomic Epidemiology in Developing Countries

Perspectives

Standardising Outcomes in Paediatric Clinical Trials

Mike Clarke

PLOS Medicine: published April 29, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050102

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  1. A Systematic Review of Studies That Aim to Determine Which Outcomes to Measure in Clinical Trials in Children

Exposure to War as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders

David M Benedek, Robert J Ursano

PLOS Medicine: published April 1, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050082

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  1. Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Lebanon: First Onset, Treatment, and Exposure to War

Quantifying the Importance of Interleukin-6 for Coronary Heart Disease

Bruce Neal

PLOS Medicine: published April 8, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050084

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  1. Long-Term Interleukin-6 Levels and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Two New Prospective Studies and a Systematic Review

A Blood Test for Lung Fibrosis

Peter J Barnes

PLOS Medicine: published April 29, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050098

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  1. MMP1 and MMP7 as Potential Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Health in Action

Progress in Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in the Americas

M. Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Salvador Garcia, Ciro de Quadros, Gina Tambini, Jon K Andrus

PLOS Medicine: published April 22, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050087

Policy Forums

Improving Defences at the Portal of HIV Entry: Mucosal and Innate Immunity

Robin J Shattock, Barton F Haynes, Bali Pulendran, Jorge Flores, José Esparza, on behalf of a Working Group convened by the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise

PLOS Medicine: published April 1, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050081

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  1. Antibody-Based HIV-1 Vaccines: Recent Developments and Future Directions

Chile's Neoliberal Health Reform: An Assessment and a Critique

Jean-Pierre Unger, Pierre De Paepe, Giorgio Solimano Cantuarias, Oscar Arteaga Herrera

PLOS Medicine: published April 1, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050079

What Are the Implications for Childhood Pneumonia of Successfully Introducing Hib and Pneumococcal Vaccines in Developing Countries?

J. Anthony G Scott, Mike English

PLOS Medicine: published April 22, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050086

Research in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: The Médecins Sans Frontières/Epicentre Experience

Vincent Brown, Philippe J Guerin, Dominique Legros, Christophe Paquet, Bernard Pécoul, Alain Moren

PLOS Medicine: published April 15, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050089

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  1. Documenting Mortality in Crises: What Keeps Us from Doing Better?

Research Articles

The Reversal of Fortunes: Trends in County Mortality and Cross-County Mortality Disparities in the United States

Majid Ezzati, Ari B Friedman, Sandeep C Kulkarni, Christopher J. L Murray

PLOS Medicine: published April 22, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050066

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  1. Reform Should Make Health the First Item of Business
  2. Correction: The Reversal of Fortunes: Trends in County Mortality and Cross-County Mortality Disparities in the United States

A Systematic Review of Studies That Aim to Determine Which Outcomes to Measure in Clinical Trials in Children

Ian Sinha, Leanne Jones, Rosalind L Smyth, Paula R Williamson

PLOS Medicine: published April 29, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050096

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Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Lebanon: First Onset, Treatment, and Exposure to War

Elie G Karam, Zeina N Mneimneh, Hani Dimassi, John A Fayyad, Aimee N Karam, Soumana C Nasser, Somnath Chatterji, Ronald C Kessler

PLOS Medicine: published April 1, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050061

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  1. Exposure to War as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders

A Randomised, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Dementia Patients Continuing or Stopping Neuroleptics (The DART-AD Trial)

Clive Ballard, Marisa Margallo Lana, Megan Theodoulou, Simon Douglas, Rupert McShane, Robin Jacoby, Katja Kossakowski, Ly-Mee Yu, Edmund Juszczak, on behalf of the Investigators DART AD

PLOS Medicine: published April 1, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050076

Long-Term Interleukin-6 Levels and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Two New Prospective Studies and a Systematic Review

John Danesh, Stephen Kaptoge, Andrea G Mann, Nadeem Sarwar, Angela Wood, Sara B Angleman, Frances Wensley, Julian P. T Higgins, Lucy Lennon, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Ann Rumley, Peter H Whincup, Gordon D. O Lowe, Vilmundur Gudnason

PLOS Medicine: published April 8, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050078

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Estimating Incidence from Prevalence in Generalised HIV Epidemics: Methods and Validation

Timothy B Hallett, Basia Zaba, Jim Todd, Ben Lopman, Wambura Mwita, Sam Biraro, Simon Gregson, J. Ties Boerma, on behalf of the ALPHA Network

PLOS Medicine: published April 8, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050080

MMP1 and MMP7 as Potential Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Ivan O Rosas, Thomas J Richards, Kazuhisa Konishi, Yingze Zhang, Kevin Gibson, Anna E Lokshin, Kathleen O Lindell, Jose Cisneros, Sandra D MacDonald, Annie Pardo, Frank Sciurba, James Dauber, Moises Selman, Bernadette R Gochuico, Naftali Kaminski

PLOS Medicine: published April 29, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050093

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  1. A Blood Test for Lung Fibrosis

Cytological and Transcript Analyses Reveal Fat and Lazy Persister-Like Bacilli in Tuberculous Sputum

Natalie J Garton, Simon J Waddell, Anna L Sherratt, Su-Min Lee, Rebecca J Smith, Claire Senner, Jason Hinds, Kumar Rajakumar, Richard A Adegbola, Gurdyal S Besra, Philip D Butcher, Michael R Barer

PLOS Medicine: published April 1, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050075

In Vivo Response to Methotrexate Forecasts Outcome of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Has a Distinct Gene Expression Profile

Michael J Sorich, Nicolas Pottier, Deqing Pei, Wenjian Yang, Leo Kager, Gabriele Stocco, Cheng Cheng, John C Panetta, Ching-Hon Pui, Mary V Relling, Meyling H Cheok, William E Evans

PLOS Medicine: published April 15, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050083

Targeted Nanoparticles for Imaging Incipient Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Kimberly A Kelly, Nabeel Bardeesy, Rajesh Anbazhagan, Sushma Gurumurthy, Justin Berger, Herlen Alencar, Ronald A DePinho, Umar Mahmood, Ralph Weissleder

PLOS Medicine: published April 15, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050085

Mutations in a Novel, Cryptic Exon of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor Gene Cause Male Pseudohermaphroditism

Nina Kossack, Manuela Simoni, Annette Richter-Unruh, Axel P. N Themmen, Jörg Gromoll

PLOS Medicine: published April 22, 2008 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050088