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Table of Contents

November 2007

Cover

Developing New Drug Treatments for Tuberculosis.
Issue Image

This month's cover image, showing the treatment regimen of a patient coinfected with multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and HIV, links to a collection of three PLoS Medicine Policy Forum articles arising from the Médecins Sans Frontières Symposium "No Time to Wait: Overcoming the Gaps in TB Drug Development." For the first time in decades there is a TB drug pipeline, but the paucity of candidates is still cause for alarm (see Casenghi et al. e293). The long duration of current TB regimens, the high prevalence of HIV co-infection, and the emergence of drug-resistant TB underscore the need for new TB drugs, say Schluger et al. (e302) in their article on building TB clinical trials capacity in high-burden countries. The expansion of MDR-TB treatment programs provides the setting in which MDR-TB trials can be implemented, say Mitnick et al. (e292).

Image Credit: Image by Brendan Bannon (http://www.brendanbannon.com/

Editorial

How Can We Draw the Line between Clinical Care and Medical Research?

The PLoS Medicine Editors

PLOS Medicine: published November 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040340

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The PLoS Medicine Debate

What Are the Benefits and Risks of Fitting Patients with Radiofrequency Identification Devices?

Mark Levine, Ben Adida, Kenneth Mandl, Isaac Kohane, John Halamka

PLOS Medicine: published November 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040322

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  1. Correction: What Are the Benefits and Risks of Fitting Patients with Radiofrequency Identification Devices?

Essay

Sharing H5N1 Viruses to Stop a Global Influenza Pandemic

Laurie Garrett, David P Fidler

PLOS Medicine: published November 20, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040330

Perspectives

Who Needs Cause-of-Death Data?

Peter Byass

PLOS Medicine: published November 20, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040333

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  2. Estimating Population Cause-Specific Mortality Fractions from in-Hospital Mortality: Validation of a New Method

Understanding Health Care Workers' Anxieties in a Diversifying World

Karen Daniels, Leslie Swartz

PLOS Medicine: published November 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040319

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Vaccines for Cholera Control: Does Herd Immunity Play a Role?

Lorenz von Seidlein

PLOS Medicine: published November 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040331

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Policy Forums

New Approaches to Filling the Gap in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery

Martina Casenghi, Stewart T Cole, Carl F Nathan

PLOS Medicine: published November 6, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040293

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  1. Building Clinical Trials Capacity for Tuberculosis Drugs in High-Burden Countries
  2. Randomized Trials to Optimize Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Building Clinical Trials Capacity for Tuberculosis Drugs in High-Burden Countries

Neil Schluger, Unni Karunakara, Christian Lienhardt, Thomas Nyirenda, Richard Chaisson

PLOS Medicine: published November 6, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040302

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  2. New Approaches to Filling the Gap in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery

Randomized Trials to Optimize Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Carole D Mitnick, Kenneth G Castro, Mark Harrington, Leonard V Sacks, William Burman

PLOS Medicine: published November 6, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040292

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  1. New Approaches to Filling the Gap in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery
  2. Building Clinical Trials Capacity for Tuberculosis Drugs in High-Burden Countries

Clinical Trials and Medical Care: Defining the Therapeutic Misconception

Gail E Henderson, Larry R Churchill, Arlene M Davis, Michele M Easter, Christine Grady, Steven Joffe, Nancy Kass, Nancy M. P King, Charles W Lidz, Franklin G Miller, Daniel K Nelson, Jeffrey Peppercorn, Barbra Bluestone Rothschild, Pamela Sankar, Benjamin S Wilfond, Catherine R Zimmer

PLOS Medicine: published November 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040324

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Research Articles

Validation of the Symptom Pattern Method for Analyzing Verbal Autopsy Data

Christopher J. L Murray, Alan D Lopez, Dennis M Feehan, Shanon T Peter, Gonghuan Yang

PLOS Medicine: published November 20, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040327

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  2. Estimating Population Cause-Specific Mortality Fractions from in-Hospital Mortality: Validation of a New Method

Estimating Population Cause-Specific Mortality Fractions from in-Hospital Mortality: Validation of a New Method

Christopher J. L Murray, Alan D Lopez, Jeremy T Barofsky, Chloe Bryson-Cahn, Rafael Lozano

PLOS Medicine: published November 20, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040326

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Professional Uncertainty and Disempowerment Responding to Ethnic Diversity in Health Care: A Qualitative Study

Joe Kai, Jackie Beavan, Christina Faull, Lynne Dodson, Paramjit Gill, Angela Beighton

PLOS Medicine: published November 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040323

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Controlling Endemic Cholera with Oral Vaccines

Ira M Longini Jr., Azhar Nizam, Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Yunus, Neeta Shenvi, John D Clemens

PLOS Medicine: published November 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040336

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Impact of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy and Insecticide-Treated Nets on Malaria Burden in Zanzibar

Achuyt Bhattarai, Abdullah S Ali, S. Patrick Kachur, Andreas Mårtensson, Ali K Abbas, Rashid Khatib, Abdul-wahiyd Al-mafazy, Mahdi Ramsan, Guida Rotllant, Jan F Gerstenmaier, Fabrizio Molteni, Salim Abdulla, Scott M Montgomery, Akira Kaneko, Anders Björkman

PLOS Medicine: published November 6, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040309

Long-Term Clinical Protection from Falciparum Malaria Is Strongly Associated with IgG3 Antibodies to Merozoite Surface Protein 3

Christian Roussilhon, Claude Oeuvray, Christine Müller-Graf, Adama Tall, Christophe Rogier, Jean-François Trape, Michael Theisen, Aissatou Balde, Jean-Louis Pérignon, Pierre Druilhe

PLOS Medicine: published November 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040320

Evolution of Antiretroviral Drug Costs in Brazil in the Context of Free and Universal Access to AIDS Treatment

Amy S Nunn, Elize M Fonseca, Francisco I Bastos, Sofia Gruskin, Joshua A Salomon

PLOS Medicine: published November 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040305

Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomised Trials

Roberto Raschetti, Emiliano Albanese, Nicola Vanacore, Marina Maggini

PLOS Medicine: published November 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040338

An LRP5 Receptor with Internal Deletion in Hyperparathyroid Tumors with Implications for Deregulated WNT/β-Catenin Signaling

Peyman Björklund, Göran Åkerström, Gunnar Westin

PLOS Medicine: published November 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040328