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Table of Contents

May 2007

Cover

WHO Initiatives and Global Health Threats.
Issue Image

This image, which shows the World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, takes its theme from the paper by Holger J. Schünemann and colleagues Schünemann et al.). The authors describe the development and pilot testing of the new WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines Group. In response to requests for advice from clinicians and public health professionals on how to treat H5N1 avian influenza, WHO convened a new type of panel to issue rapid, evidence-based advice. The paper is discussed further in the accompanying Editorial, which also outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the WHO's new revision of the International Health Regulations.

Image Credit: Photograph by Holger J. Schünemann

Editorial

How Is WHO Responding to Global Public Health Threats?

The PLoS Medicine Editors

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040197

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Essay

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Growing but Neglected Global Epidemic

Peter J Barnes

PLOS Medicine: published May 15, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040112

Perspectives

Migrating Ovaries: Early Life Influences on Later Gonadal Function

Peter D Gluckman, Alan S Beedle

PLOS Medicine: published May 15, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040190

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  1. Childhood Conditions Influence Adult Progesterone Levels
  2. Correction: Migrating Ovaries: Early Life Influences on Later Gonadal Function

Time Scales of CD4+ T Cell Depletion in HIV Infection

Rob J De Boer

PLOS Medicine: published May 22, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040193

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  1. Understanding the Slow Depletion of Memory CD4+ T Cells in HIV Infection

Health in Action

Transparent Development of the WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines

Holger J Schünemann, Suzanne R Hill, Meetali Kakad, Gunn E Vist, Richard Bellamy, Lauren Stockman, Torbjørn Fosen Wisløff, Chris Del Mar, Frederick Hayden, Timothy M Uyeki, Jeremy Farrar, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Howard Zucker, John Beigel, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Tran Tinh Hien, Bülent Özbay, Norio Sugaya, Andrew D Oxman

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040119

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  1. How Is WHO Responding to Global Public Health Threats?
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HIV Treatment in a Conflict Setting: Outcomes and Experiences from Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Heather Culbert, David Tu, Daniel P O'Brien, Tom Ellman, Clair Mills, Nathan Ford, Tina Amisi, Keith Chan, Sarah Venis, Médecins Sans Frontières

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040129

Using Clinical Evidence in a National Continuing Medical Education Program in Italy

Lorenzo Moja, Ivan Moschetti, Alessandro Liberati, Roberto Manfrini, Christian Deligant, Roberto Satolli, Antonio Addis, Nello Martini, Pietro Dri

PLOS Medicine: published May 22, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040113

Policy Forum

Responsible Oversight of Human Stem Cell Research: The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine's Medical and Ethical Standards

Geoffrey P Lomax, Zach W Hall, Bernard Lo

PLOS Medicine: published May 8, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040114

Research in Translation

Malnutrition and Infection: Complex Mechanisms and Global Impacts

Ulrich E Schaible, Stefan H. E Kaufmann

PLOS Medicine: published May 1, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040115

Research Articles

Childhood Conditions Influence Adult Progesterone Levels

Alejandra Núñez-de la Mora, Robert T Chatterton, Osul A Choudhury, Dora A Napolitano, Gillian R Bentley

PLOS Medicine: published May 15, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040167

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Traditional Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: A Drug–Drug Interaction?

Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Karine Egan, Garret A FitzGerald

PLOS Medicine: published May 22, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040157

Hyperoxic Brain Effects Are Normalized by Addition of CO2

Paul M Macey, Mary A Woo, Ronald M Harper

PLOS Medicine: published May 22, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040173

Lithium Therapy Improves Neurological Function and Hippocampal Dendritic Arborization in a Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 Mouse Model

Kei Watase, Jennifer R Gatchel, Yaling Sun, Effat Emamian, Richard Atkinson, Ronald Richman, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Harry T Orr, Chad Shaw, Huda Y Zoghbi

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040182

Association of Human Herpesvirus-6B with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Julie Fotheringham, Donatella Donati, Nahid Akhyani, Anna Fogdell-Hahn, Alexander Vortmeyer, John D Heiss, Elizabeth Williams, Steven Weinstein, Derek A Bruce, William D Gaillard, Susumu Sato, William H Theodore, Steven Jacobson

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040180

Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis and Glucose Transport/Phosphorylation in Type 2 Diabetes

Julia Szendroedi, Albrecht I Schmid, Marek Chmelik, Christian Toth, Attila Brehm, Martin Krssak, Peter Nowotny, Michael Wolzt, Werner Waldhausl, Michael Roden

PLOS Medicine: published May 1, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040154

TXNIP Regulates Peripheral Glucose Metabolism in Humans

Hemang Parikh, Emma Carlsson, William A Chutkow, Lovisa E Johansson, Heidi Storgaard, Pernille Poulsen, Richa Saxena, Christine Ladd, P. Christian Schulze, Michael J Mazzini, Christine Bjørn Jensen, Anna Krook, Marie Björnholm, Hans Tornqvist, Juleen R Zierath, Martin Ridderstråle, David Altshuler, Richard T Lee, Allan Vaag, Leif C Groop, Vamsi K Mootha

PLOS Medicine: published May 1, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040158

Isoform-Specific Potentiation of Stem and Progenitor Cell Engraftment by AML1/RUNX1

Shinobu Tsuzuki, Dengli Hong, Rajeev Gupta, Keitaro Matsuo, Masao Seto, Tariq Enver

PLOS Medicine: published May 15, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040172

Down-Regulation of the Interferon Signaling Pathway in T Lymphocytes from Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

Rebecca J Critchley-Thorne, Ning Yan, Serban Nacu, Jeffrey Weber, Susan P Holmes, Peter P Lee

PLOS Medicine: published May 8, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040176

HIV Impairs Opsonic Phagocytic Clearance of Pregnancy-Associated Malaria Parasites

Jessica Keen, Lena Serghides, Kodjo Ayi, Samir N Patel, John Ayisi, Anne van Eijk, Richard Steketee, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Kevin C Kain

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040181

Vaccinating to Protect a Vulnerable Subpopulation

Jonathan Dushoff, Joshua B Plotkin, Cecile Viboud, Lone Simonsen, Mark Miller, Mark Loeb, David J. D Earn

PLOS Medicine: published May 22, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040174

Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Monoclonal Antibodies against H5N1 Influenza

Cameron P Simmons, Nadia L Bernasconi, Amorsolo L Suguitan Jr., Kimberly Mills, Jerrold M Ward, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Tran Tinh Hien, Federica Sallusto, Do Quang Ha, Jeremy Farrar, Menno D de Jong, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Kanta Subbarao

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040178

Cost-Effectiveness of Rapid Syphilis Screening in Prenatal HIV Testing Programs in Haiti

Bruce R Schackman, Christopher P Neukermans, Sandy N. Nerette Fontain, Claudine Nolte, Patrice Joseph, Jean W Pape, Daniel W Fitzgerald

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040183

Understanding the Slow Depletion of Memory CD4+ T Cells in HIV Infection

Andrew Yates, Jaroslav Stark, Nigel Klein, Rustom Antia, Robin Callard

PLOS Medicine: published May 22, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040177

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Correspondence

Undertaking Research in Other Countries: Author's Reply

Loane Skene

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040188

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Natural Ventilation for Prevention of Airborne Contagion: Authors' Reply

Adrian Roderick Escombe, David A. J Moore, Jon S Friedland, Carlton A Evans, Robert H Gilman

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040195

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Undertaking Research in Other Countries: Further Considerations

Adamson Muula

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040187

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Natural Ventilation for Prevention of Airborne Contagion: Conclusions Overgeneralized

Hal Levin

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040189

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Corrections

Correction: A Challenge for the Development of Malaria Vaccines: Polymorphic Target Antigens

Colin Sutherland

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040175

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Correction: Clonal Waves of Neisseria Colonisation and Disease in the African Meningitis Belt: Eight-Year Longitudinal Study in Northern Ghana

Julia Leimkugel, Abraham Hodgson, Abudulai Adams Forgor, Valentin Pflüger, Jean-Pierre Dangy, Tom Smith, Mark Achtman, Sébastien Gagneux, Gerd Pluschke

PLOS Medicine: published May 29, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040196

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