April 2010

The parasite Trypanosoma brucei uses antigenic variation to constantly replace the VSG on its plasma membrane. The network graph in the image was created using BLAST scores from pairwise comparisons of 968 T. b. brucei VSG protein sequences. The T. b. gambiense genome provides a pan-genome perspective on VSG diversity for the first time. Most VSG sequences are represented in both subspecies as orthologs (blue) or paralogs (green). A minority of VSG were not found in T. b. gambiense (red). The lack of phylogenetic structure among VSG contrasts with the more conservative VSG-related genes (yellow), which do not recombine and so cluster together. (See article by Jackson et al., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000658.)

Image Credit: Image created by Martin Aslett and Andrew Jackson using Biolayout Express 3D.

Editorial

Nuclear Weapons and Neglected Diseases: The “Ten-Thousand-to-One Gap”

Peter J. Hotez

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 27, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000680

Viewpoints

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in TB-Endemic Countries: Are We Neglecting the Danger?

Krishnamoorthy Gopinath, Sarman Singh

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 27, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000615

Reviews

Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?

Michelle M. Thiboutot, Senthil Kannan, Omkar U. Kawalekar, Devon J. Shedlock, Amir S. Khan, Gopalsamy Sarangan, Padma Srikanth, David B. Weiner, Karuppiah Muthumani

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 27, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000623

The Neglected Arboviral Infections in Mainland China

Xiaoyan Gao, Roger Nasci, Guodong Liang

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 27, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000624

Research Articles

Estimating Contact Process Saturation in Sylvatic Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the United States

Christopher Kribs-Zaleta

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 27, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000656

Chloroquine and Its Derivatives Exacerbate B19V-Associated Anemia by Promoting Viral Replication

Claudia Bönsch, Christoph Kempf, Ivo Mueller, Laurens Manning, Moses Laman, Timothy M. E. Davis, Carlos Ros

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 27, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000669

A Non Mouse-Adapted Dengue Virus Strain as a New Model of Severe Dengue Infection in AG129 Mice

Grace K. Tan, Jowin K. W. Ng, Scott L. Trasti, Wouter Schul, George Yip, Sylvie Alonso

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 27, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000672

Presence of Circulating Anti-Myosin Antibodies in Endomyocardial Fibrosis

Ana Olga Mocumbi, Najma Latif, Magdi H. Yacoub

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 20, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000661

Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive PCR-ELISA System for Detection of Schistosoma Infection in Feces

Luciana Inácia Gomes, Letícia Helena dos Santos Marques, Martin Johannes Enk, Maria Cláudia de Oliveira, Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho, Ana Rabello

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 20, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000664

Landscape Genetics Reveals Focal Transmission of a Human Macroparasite

Charles D. Criscione, Joel D. Anderson, Dan Sudimack, Janardan Subedi, Ram P. Upadhayay, Bharat Jha, Kimberly D. Williams, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Timothy J. C. Anderson

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 20, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000665

Mosquito Transcriptome Profiles and Filarial Worm Susceptibility in Armigeres subalbatus

Matthew T. Aliota, Jeremy F. Fuchs, Thomas A. Rocheleau, Amanda K. Clark, Julián F. Hillyer, Cheng-Chen Chen, Bruce M. Christensen

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 20, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000666

Functional Impairment of Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells during Schistosoma haematobium Infection

Bart Everts, Ayola A. Adegnika, Yvonne C. M. Kruize, Hermelijn H. Smits, Peter G. Kremsner, Maria Yazdanbakhsh

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 20, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000667

Feasibility and Effectiveness of Basic Lymphedema Management in Leogane, Haiti, an Area Endemic for Bancroftian Filariasis

David G. Addiss, Jacky Louis-Charles, Jacquelin Roberts, Frederic LeConte, Joyanna M. Wendt, Marie Denise Milord, Patrick J. Lammie, Gerusa Dreyer

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 20, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000668

Using the Prevalence of Individual Species of Intestinal Nematode Worms to Estimate the Combined Prevalence of Any Species

Nilanthi de Silva, Andrew Hall

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 13, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000655

Clinical and Virological Features of Dengue in Vietnamese Infants

Tran Nguyen Bich Chau, Katherine L. Anders, Le Bich Lien, Nguyen Thanh Hung, Lu Thi Minh Hieu, Nguyen Minh Tuan, Tran Thi Thuy, Le Thi Phuong, Nguyen Thi Hong Tham, Mai Ngoc Lanh, Jeremy J. Farrar, Stephen S. Whitehead, Cameron P. Simmons

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 13, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000657

The Genome Sequence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Causative Agent of Chronic Human African Trypanosomiasis

Andrew P. Jackson, Mandy Sanders, Andrew Berry, Jacqueline McQuillan, Martin A. Aslett, Michael A. Quail, Bridget Chukualim, Paul Capewell, Annette MacLeod, Sara E. Melville, Wendy Gibson, J. David Barry, Matthew Berriman, Christiane Hertz-Fowler

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 13, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000658

A Target-Based High Throughput Screen Yields Trypanosoma brucei Hexokinase Small Molecule Inhibitors with Antiparasitic Activity

Elizabeth R. Sharlow, Todd A. Lyda, Heidi C. Dodson, Gabriela Mustata, Meredith T. Morris, Stephanie S. Leimgruber, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Yoshiki Kashiwada, David Close, John S. Lazo, James C. Morris

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 13, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000659

Macrofilaricidal Activity after Doxycycline Only Treatment of Onchocerca volvulus in an Area of Loa loa Co-Endemicity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Joseph D. Turner, Nicholas Tendongfor, Mathias Esum, Kelly L. Johnston, R. Stuart Langley, Louise Ford, Brian Faragher, Sabine Specht, Sabine Mand, Achim Hoerauf, Peter Enyong, Samuel Wanji, Mark J. Taylor

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 13, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000660

Multi-host Model-Based Identification of Armillifer agkistrodontis (Pentastomida), a New Zoonotic Parasite from China

Shao-Hong Chen, Qin Liu, Yong-Nian Zhang, Jia-Xu Chen, Hao Li, Ying Chen, Peter Steinmann, Xiao-Nong Zhou

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 6, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000647

Plasma Superoxide Dismutase-1 as a Surrogate Marker of Vivax Malaria Severity

Bruno B. Andrade, Antonio Reis-Filho, Sebastião Martins Souza-Neto, Imbroinise Raffaele-Netto, Luis M. A. Camargo, Aldina Barral, Manoel Barral-Netto

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 6, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000650

Structural Characterization of CYP51 from Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei Bound to the Antifungal Drugs Posaconazole and Fluconazole

Chiung-Kuang Chen, Siegfried S. F. Leung, Christophe Guilbert, Matthew P. Jacobson, James H. McKerrow, Larissa M. Podust

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 6, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000651

Cover

**A network graph for variant surface glycoproteins (VSG) from Trypanosoma brucei.**