About the Authors

Sake J. de Vlas

Contributed equally to this work with: Sake J. de Vlas, Wilma A. Stolk, Epke A. le Rutte

s.devlas@erasmusmc.nl

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Wilma A. Stolk

Contributed equally to this work with: Sake J. de Vlas, Wilma A. Stolk, Epke A. le Rutte

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Epke A. le Rutte

Contributed equally to this work with: Sake J. de Vlas, Wilma A. Stolk, Epke A. le Rutte

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Jan A. C. Hontelez

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Roel Bakker

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

David J. Blok

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Rui Cai

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Tanja A. J. Houweling

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Margarete C. Kulik

Affiliations Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Edeltraud J. Lenk

Affiliation Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Marianne Luyendijk

Affiliation Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Suzette M. Matthijsse

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

William K. Redekop

Affiliation Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Inge Wagenaar

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Julie Jacobson

Affiliation Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Nico J. D. Nagelkerke

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Jan H. Richardus

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SJdV WAS JJ NJDN JHR. Performed the experiments: WAS EAlR JACH RB DJB RC TAJH MCK EJL ML SMM WKR IW. Analyzed the data: SJdV WAS EAlR JACH RB NJDN JHR. Wrote the paper: SJdV WAS EAlR JACH WKR JJ NJDN JHR. Designed the software used in the analyses: JACH RB.