About the Authors

Eliana A. G. Reis

Affiliation Laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

José E. Hagan

Affiliations Laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Guilherme S. Ribeiro

Affiliations Laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho

Affiliation René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Olindo A. Martins-Filho

Affiliation René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Ruth R. Montgomery

Affiliation Yale Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Albert C. Shaw

Affiliation Yale Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Albert I. Ko

Affiliations Laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Mitermayer G. Reis

miter@bahia.fiocruz.br

Affiliations Laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EAGR JEH GSR AIK MGR. Performed the experiments: ATC OAMF EAGR. Analyzed the data: JEH GSR EAGR AIK MGR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EAGR JEH GSR ATC OAMF AIK MGR. Wrote the paper: EAGR JEH GSR AIK MGR. Contributed to the analysis plan and interpretation of findings, and reviewed the manuscript: RRM ACS.