About the Authors

Benjamin L. Makepeace

Affiliation Veterinary Parasitology Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Siv Aina Jensen

Current address: Emerging Zoonoses JRG, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany

Affiliation Veterinary Parasitology Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Sandra J. Laney

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America

Charles K. Nfon

Current address: National Center for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada

Affiliations Veterinary Parasitology Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement, Wakwa, Adamawa Region, Cameroon

Leo M. Njongmeta

Current address: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Affiliation Veterinary Parasitology Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Vincent N. Tanya

Affiliation Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement, Wakwa, Adamawa Region, Cameroon

Steven A. Williams

Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Albert E. Bianco

Affiliation Veterinary Parasitology Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Alexander J. Trees

trees@liv.ac.uk

Affiliation Veterinary Parasitology Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VNT SAW AEB AJT. Performed the experiments: BLM SAJ SJL CKN LMN AEB AJT. Analyzed the data: BLM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SJL SAW AEB. Wrote the paper: BLM SAJ SJL AEB AJT.