About the Authors

Françoise Portaels

portaels@itg.be

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Wayne M. Meyers

Affiliation Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C., United States of America

Anthony Ablordey

Affiliations Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

António G. Castro

Affiliation Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Karim Chemlal

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Pim de Rijk

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Pierre Elsen

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Krista Fissette

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Alexandra G. Fraga

Affiliation Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Richard Lee

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America

Engy Mahrous

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America

Pamela L. C. Small

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America

Pieter Stragier

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Egídio Torrado

Affiliation Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Anita Van Aerde

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Manuel T. Silva

Affiliation Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Jorge Pedrosa

Affiliation Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FP MS JP. Performed the experiments: FP WM AA AC KC PdR PE KF AF RL EM PS ET AVA. Analyzed the data: FP WM AA AC KC PE AF RL EM PLCS PS ET MS JP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RL EM PLCS. Wrote the paper: FP WM MS JP.