About the Authors

Eleonora A. M. Festen

Contributed equally to this work with: Eleonora A. M. Festen, Philippe Goyette, Todd Green

Affiliations Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Philippe Goyette

Contributed equally to this work with: Eleonora A. M. Festen, Philippe Goyette, Todd Green

Affiliation Research Center, Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Todd Green

Contributed equally to this work with: Eleonora A. M. Festen, Philippe Goyette, Todd Green

Affiliation The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gabrielle Boucher

Affiliation Research Center, Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Claudine Beauchamp

Affiliation Research Center, Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Gosia Trynka

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Patrick C. Dubois

Affiliation Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Caroline Lagacé

Affiliation Research Center, Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Pieter C. F. Stokkers

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Daan W. Hommes

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Donatella Barisani

Affiliation Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy

Orazio Palmieri

Affiliation U. O. Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy

Vito Annese

Affiliation U. O. Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy

David A. van Heel

Affiliation Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Rinse K. Weersma

R.K.Weersma@int.umcg.nl (RKW); john.david.rioux@umontreal.ca (JDR)

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Mark J. Daly

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Cisca Wijmenga

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

John D. Rioux

R.K.Weersma@int.umcg.nl (RKW); john.david.rioux@umontreal.ca (JDR)

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Research Center, Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EAMF PG TG MJD CW JDR. Performed the experiments: CB PCD CL DAvH. Analyzed the data: EAMF PG TG GB CB GT PCD CL DAvH MJD CW JDR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PCFS DWH DB OP VA DAvH RKW CW JDR. Wrote the paper: EAMF PG TG GB CB RKW MJD CW JDR.