About the Authors

Nancy L. Heard-Costa

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy L. Heard-Costa, M. Carola Zillikens, Keri L. Monda, Åsa Johansson, Tamara B. Harris, Mao Fu, Talin Haritunians, Mary F. Feitosa

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

M. Carola Zillikens

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy L. Heard-Costa, M. Carola Zillikens, Keri L. Monda, Åsa Johansson, Tamara B. Harris, Mao Fu, Talin Haritunians, Mary F. Feitosa

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Keri L. Monda

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy L. Heard-Costa, M. Carola Zillikens, Keri L. Monda, Åsa Johansson, Tamara B. Harris, Mao Fu, Talin Haritunians, Mary F. Feitosa

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Åsa Johansson

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy L. Heard-Costa, M. Carola Zillikens, Keri L. Monda, Åsa Johansson, Tamara B. Harris, Mao Fu, Talin Haritunians, Mary F. Feitosa

Affiliation Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Tamara B. Harris

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy L. Heard-Costa, M. Carola Zillikens, Keri L. Monda, Åsa Johansson, Tamara B. Harris, Mao Fu, Talin Haritunians, Mary F. Feitosa

Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Mao Fu

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy L. Heard-Costa, M. Carola Zillikens, Keri L. Monda, Åsa Johansson, Tamara B. Harris, Mao Fu, Talin Haritunians, Mary F. Feitosa

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Talin Haritunians

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy L. Heard-Costa, M. Carola Zillikens, Keri L. Monda, Åsa Johansson, Tamara B. Harris, Mao Fu, Talin Haritunians, Mary F. Feitosa

Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Mary F. Feitosa

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy L. Heard-Costa, M. Carola Zillikens, Keri L. Monda, Åsa Johansson, Tamara B. Harris, Mao Fu, Talin Haritunians, Mary F. Feitosa

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Thor Aspelund

Affiliations Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Gudny Eiriksdottir

Affiliation Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland

Melissa Garcia

Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Lenore J. Launer

Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Albert V. Smith

Affiliation Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland

Braxton D. Mitchell

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Patrick F. McArdle

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Alan R. Shuldiner

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Suzette J. Bielinski

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Eric Boerwinkle

Affiliation Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Fred Brancati

Affiliation Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ellen W. Demerath

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

James S. Pankow

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Alice M. Arnold

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Yii-Der Ida Chen

Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Nicole L. Glazer

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Barbara McKnight

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Bruce M. Psaty

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Medicine, & Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jerome I. Rotter

Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Najaf Amin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Harry Campbell

Affiliation Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Ulf Gyllensten

Affiliation Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Cristian Pattaro

Affiliation Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano,Bolzano, Italy

Peter P. Pramstaller

Affiliations Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano,Bolzano, Italy, Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, Department of Neurology, Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy

Igor Rudan

Affiliations Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia, Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice,” Zagreb, Croatia

Maksim Struchalin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Veronique Vitart

Affiliation Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Xiaoyi Gao

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Aldi Kraja

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Michael A. Province

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Qunyuan Zhang

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Larry D. Atwood

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Josée Dupuis

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joel N. Hirschhorn

Affiliation Program in Genomics and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Cashell E. Jaquish

Affiliation Division of Prevention and Population Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Christopher J. O'Donnell

Affiliation Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ramachandran S. Vasan

Affiliations Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Charles C. White

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yurii S. Aulchenko

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Karol Estrada

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Albert Hofman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Fernando Rivadeneira

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

André G. Uitterlinden

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Jacqueline C. M. Witteman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Ben A. Oostra

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Robert C. Kaplan

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Vilmundur Gudnason

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Jeffrey R. O'Connell

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ingrid B. Borecki

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Cornelia M. van Duijn

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

L. Adrienne Cupples

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Caroline S. Fox

foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov (CSF); knorth@email.unc.edu (KEN)

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kari E. North

foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov (CSF); knorth@email.unc.edu (KEN)

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NLHC MCZ TBH MF GE MG LJL BDM ARS EB FB JSP BMP JIR HC UG PPP IR MAP LDA JNH CEJ CJO AH FR AGU JCMW BAO RCK VG JRO IBB CMvD LAC CSF KEN. Analyzed the data: NLHC KLM ÅJ MF MFF TA AVS BDM PFM NLG BM NA CP MS VV XG AK MAP QZ JD CJO CCW YSA KE FR AGU VG JRO IBB CMvD LAC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TBH TH TA GE LJL AVS BDM ARS SJB EB NLG BMP JIR HC UG PPP IR FR AGU JCMW VG KEN. Wrote the paper: NLHC MCZ KLM ÅJ TBH MF TH MFF FB EWD JSP AMA YDIC NLG JIR CJO RSV BAO RCK VG JRO IBB CMvD LAC CSF KEN.