About the Authors

Laura Carrel

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lcarrel@psu.edu (LC); kdm16@psu.edu (KDM)

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Chungoo Park

Affiliations Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America , Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Svitlana Tyekucheva

Affiliations Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America , Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

John Dunn

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Francesca Chiaromonte

Affiliations Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America , Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America , Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Kateryna D Makova

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lcarrel@psu.edu (LC); kdm16@psu.edu (KDM)

Affiliations Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America , Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

LC, FC, and KDM conceived and designed the experiments. CP and ST performed the experiments. LC, CP, ST, FC, and KDM analyzed the data. CP, ST, and JD contributed analysis tools. LC, FC, and KDM wrote the paper.