About the Authors

Martin S Taylor

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom , Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan

Chikatoshi Kai

Affiliation Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan

Jun Kawai

Affiliations Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan , Genome Science Laboratory, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN Wako Institute, Wako, Japan

Piero Carninci

Affiliations Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan , Genome Science Laboratory, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN Wako Institute, Wako, Japan

Yoshihide Hayashizaki

Affiliations Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan , Genome Science Laboratory, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN Wako Institute, Wako, Japan

Colin A. M Semple

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: colins@hgu.mrc.ac.uk

Affiliations Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan , Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

MST and CAMS designed the study, analysed the data, and wrote the manuscript. CK, JK, PC, and YH produced and analysed the CAGE data.