About the Authors

Jinfeng Liu

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: JL840@columbia.edu

Affiliations Columbia University Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America , Columbia University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, New York, New York, United States of America , Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Julian Gough

Affiliation Genome Exploration Research Group (Genome Network Project Core Group), RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan

Burkhard Rost

Affiliations Columbia University Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America , Columbia University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, New York, New York, United States of America , Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

JL, JG, and BR conceived and designed the experiments. JL performed the experiments and analyzed the data. JG contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. JL and BR wrote the paper.