Decidua is a transient uterine tissue in mammals that is essential for pregnancy and is infiltrated by many immune cells that promote pregnancy. Adult bone marrow-derived cells differentiate into rare populations of nonhematopoietic endometrial cells in the uterus, but it is unknown whether they become nonhematopoietic decidual cells and contribute functionally to pregnancy. This study by Tal et al shows that pregnancy mobilizes mesenchymal stem cells into the blood stream and that pregnancy induces considerable recruitment of adult bone marrow-derived cells to decidua, where some differentiate into nonhematopoietic prolactin-expressing decidual cells and play an important role in decidualization and pregnancy. The image shows an immunofluorescent section of a pregnant mouse uterus on embryonic day E9.5, showing the distribution of bone marrow-derived cells, which are labeled with green fluorescent protein (green); cell nuclei are labeled with DAPI (blue).
Image Credit: Reshef Tal (2019)
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