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Table of Contents

June 2011

Cover

A scanning electron micrograph of a single coccolithophore cell.

Issue Image

Coccolithophores such as Emiliania huxleyi shown here are single-celled marine phytoplankton that produce calcium carbonate scales (coccoliths). They occur in all of the world’s oceans and together represent the largest source of biogenic calcium carbonate on Earth, contributing significantly to the global carbon cycle. Coccoliths, which are produced inside the cells, are secreted to the cell surface. The discovery of proton channels in the coccolithophore cell membrane provides new insight into how they cope with excess protons generated during calcification and will inform future studies of how these important organisms will respond to ocean acidification (see Taylor et al., e1001085).

Image Credit: Alison R. Taylor (University of North Carolina Wilmington Microscopy Facility)

Synopses

How Cells Cope with Obesity

Caitlin Sedwick

PLOS Biology: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001077

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Robin Mejia

PLOS Biology: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001087

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Histones Are Passed Back to Stay in Place, More or Less

Richard Robinson

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Robin Mejia

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For Genomes, Repetition Breeds Diversity

Richard Robinson

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Unsolved Mystery

Why Are Autism Spectrum Conditions More Prevalent in Males?

Simon Baron-Cohen, Michael V. Lombardo, Bonnie Auyeung, Emma Ashwin, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Rebecca Knickmeyer

PLOS Biology: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001081

Historical and Philosophical Perspectives

The Mismeasure of Science: Stephen Jay Gould versus Samuel George Morton on Skulls and Bias

Jason E. Lewis, David DeGusta, Marc R. Meyer, Janet M. Monge, Alan E. Mann, Ralph L. Holloway

PLOS Biology: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001071

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Primer

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Michael L. Platt, Ben Hayden

PLOS Biology: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001092

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Community Page

The Genomic Standards Consortium

Dawn Field, Linda Amaral-Zettler, Guy Cochrane, James R. Cole, Peter Dawyndt, George M. Garrity, Jack Gilbert, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Lynette Hirschman, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Hans-Peter Klenk, Rob Knight, Renzo Kottmann, Nikos Kyrpides, Folker Meyer, Inigo San Gil, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Lynn M. Schriml, Peter Sterk, Tatiana Tatusova, David W. Ussery, Owen White, John Wooley

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Research Articles

The Homeobox Protein CEH-23 Mediates Prolonged Longevity in Response to Impaired Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in C. elegans

Ludivine Walter, Aiswarya Baruah, Hsin-Wen Chang, Heather Mae Pace, Siu Sylvia Lee

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The Neural Basis of Following Advice

Guido Biele, Jörg Rieskamp, Lea K. Krugel, Hauke R. Heekeren

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Counterfactual Choice and Learning in a Neural Network Centered on Human Lateral Frontopolar Cortex

Erie D. Boorman, Timothy E. Behrens, Matthew F. Rushworth

PLOS Biology: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001093

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A Voltage-Gated H+ Channel Underlying pH Homeostasis in Calcifying Coccolithophores

Alison R. Taylor, Abdul Chrachri, Glen Wheeler, Helen Goddard, Colin Brownlee

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Sébastien Tauzin, Benjamin Chaigne-Delalande, Eric Selva, Nadine Khadra, Sophie Daburon, Cécile Contin-Bordes, Patrick Blanco, Jacques Le Seyec, Thomas Ducret, Laurent Counillon, Jean-François Moreau, Paul Hofman, Pierre Vacher, Patrick Legembre

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Sonic Hedgehog Dependent Phosphorylation by CK1α and GRK2 Is Required for Ciliary Accumulation and Activation of Smoothened

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Zyxin Links Fat Signaling to the Hippo Pathway

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Patterns and Mechanisms of Ancestral Histone Protein Inheritance in Budding Yeast

Marta Radman-Livaja, Kitty F. Verzijlbergen, Assaf Weiner, Tibor van Welsem, Nir Friedman, Oliver J. Rando, Fred van Leeuwen

PLOS Biology: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001075

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Ligand Activation of the Prokaryotic Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel ELIC

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Towards a Pharmacophore for Amyloid

Meytal Landau, Michael R. Sawaya, Kym F. Faull, Arthur Laganowsky, Lin Jiang, Stuart A. Sievers, Jie Liu, Jorge R. Barrio, David Eisenberg

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Book Review%2FScience in the Media

What Is the Brain Basis of Intelligence?

Charles F. Stevens

PLOS Biology: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001078