About the Authors

Nicolas Gratiot

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

nicolas.gratiot@ird.fr

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Jérémie Klein

Roles Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation School of engineering in Physics, Applied Physics, Electronics & Materials Science, Grenoble Alps University (UGA), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), Grenoble, France

Marceau Challet

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation School of engineering in Physics, Applied Physics, Electronics & Materials Science, Grenoble Alps University (UGA), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), Grenoble, France

Olivier Dangles

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center in Ecology and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE), University of Montpellier (UM), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Practical School of Advanced Studies (EPHE), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Montpellier, France

Serge Janicot

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Oceanography and Climate: Experiments and Numerical Approaches (LOCEAN), Sorbonne University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French National Museum of Natural History, French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Paris, France

Miriam Candelas

Roles Data curation, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (ASCR), Praha, Czechia

Géraldine Sarret

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Earth Sciences Institute (ISTerre), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), University Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFFSTAR), Grenoble, France

Géremy Panthou

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Benoît Hingray

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Nicolas Champollion

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Julien Montillaud

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research unit "Universe, Time-frequency, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphere and environment, Molecules" (UTINAM), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), University Burgundy Franche-Comté, Besançon, France

Pascal Bellemain

Roles Data curation, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Odin Marc

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), French National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Midi-Pyrénées Observatory (OMP), Toulouse, France

Cédric-Stéphane Bationo

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Economic and Social Sciences of Health and Medical Information Processing (SESSTIM), institute of public health sciences (ISSPAM), Aix-Marseille University (AMU), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Marseille, France

Loïs Monnier

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), French National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Midi-Pyrénées Observatory (OMP), Toulouse, France

Laure Laffont

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), French National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Midi-Pyrénées Observatory (OMP), Toulouse, France

Marie-Alice Foujols

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Sorbonne University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paris, France

Véronique Riffault

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Energy Environment (CERI EE), IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT), University of Lille (UDL), Lille, France

Liselotte Tinel

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Energy Environment (CERI EE), IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT), University of Lille (UDL), Lille, France

Emmanuel Mignot

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics Laboratory (LMFA), University of Lyon (UDL), National Institute for Applied Sciences of Lyon (INSA Lyon), Central School of Lyon (ECL), UCBL, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Villeurbanne, France

Nathalie Philippon

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Alain Dezetter

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit “HydroSciences Montpellier” (HSM), University of Montpellier (UM), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Montpellier, France

Alexandre Caron

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit “Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems” (ASTRE), University of Montpellier (UM), Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Montpellier, France

Guillaume Piton

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit “Torrential Erosion, Snow & Avalanches” (ETNA), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Grenoble, France

Aurélie Verney-Carron

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Interuniversity Laboratory of Atmospheric Systems (LISA), Paris-East Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France

Anne Delaballe

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UGA Design Factory, Grenoble Alps University (UGA), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Nelly Bardet

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of distance education, French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Marseille, France

Florence Nozay-Maurice

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Marseille, France

Anne-Sophie Loison

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation HEMiSF4iRE Design School, Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France

Franck Delbart

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation French Polar Institute (IPEV), University of Western Brittany (UBO), Brest, France

Sandrine Anquetin

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Françoise Immel

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research unit “Chrono-environnement”, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), University Burgundy Franche-Comté, Besançon, France

Christophe Baehr

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Centre for Meteorological Research (CNRM), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Toulouse, France

Fabien Malbet

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Planetology and Astrophysics Institute of Grenoble (IPAG), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble, France

Céline Berni

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit “RiverLy “, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Villeurbanne, France

Laurence Delattre

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research unit “Lille Economics Management” (LEM), University of Lille (UDL), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), IESEG School of Management, Lille, France

Vincent Echevin

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Oceanography and Climate: Experiments and Numerical Approaches (LOCEAN), Sorbonne University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French National Museum of Natural History, French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Paris, France

Elodie Petitdidier

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research unit INTERTRYP, University of Montpellier (UM), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France

Olivier Aumont

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Oceanography and Climate: Experiments and Numerical Approaches (LOCEAN), Sorbonne University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French National Museum of Natural History, French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Paris, France

Florence Michau

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Validation

Affiliation Grenoble Informatics Laboratory (LIG), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Nicolas Bijon

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit “Recycling and Risk”, Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France

Jean-Philippe Vidal

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit “RiverLy “, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Villeurbanne, France

Sébastien Pinel

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre of Education and Research on Mediterranean Environments (CEFREM), University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Perpignan, France

Océane Biabiany

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Agroecology, genetics, and tropical livestock systems (ASSET), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Petit-Bourg, France

Cathy Grevesse

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Office of the Director General in charge of Research and Strategy, Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France

Louise Mimeau

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit “Torrential Erosion, Snow & Avalanches” (ETNA), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Grenoble, France

Anne Biarnès

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory for the study of Soil-Agrosystem-Hydrosystem interactions (LISAH), University of Montpellier (UM), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Institute Agro, Montpellier, France

Charlotte Récapet

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Behavioural Ecology and Fish Population Biology (ECOBIOP), University of Pau and the Adour Region (UPPA), Energy Environment Solutions (E2S), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France

Morgane Costes-Thiré

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Genetics, Physiology and Livestock Systems (GenPhySE), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), University of Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse INP, Castanet Tolosan, France

Mariline Poupaud

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit “Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems” (ASTRE), University of Montpellier (UM), Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Montpellier, France

Maialen Barret

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of functional ecology and environment (ECOLAB), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Toulouse Institute of Technology (Toulouse-INP), Toulouse, France

Marie Bonnin

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences (LEMAR), French Research Institute for Development (IRD), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), University of Western Brittany (UBO), 29280 Plouzané, France

Virginie Mournetas

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation ADLIN Science, Evry, France

Bernard Tourancheau

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Grenoble Informatics Laboratory (LIG), Grenoble Alps University (UGA), Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

Bertrand Goldman

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany

Marie Paule Bonnet

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research unit Espace-DEV, University of Montpellier (UM), Institute of Research for Development, Guyane University, University of Reunion, Montpellier, France

Isabelle Michaud Soret

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Chemistry and Biology of Metals laboratory (LCBM), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), University Grenoble Alps (UGA), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Alternative and Atomic Energies Agency (CEA), Grenoble, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.