About the Authors

Benny K. K. Chan

chankk@gate.sinica.edu.tw

Affiliation Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC

H. -N. Chen

Affiliation Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617, ROC

P. R. Dando

Affiliation Marine Biological Association of the U.K., The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Pl 2PB, United Kingdom

A. J. Southward

Affiliation Marine Biological Association of the U.K., The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Pl 2PB, United Kingdom

E. C. Southward

Affiliation Marine Biological Association of the U.K., The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Pl 2PB, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AJS PRD ECS BKKC. Performed the experiments: AJS PRD ECS BKKC HNC. Analyzed the data: AJS PRD ECS BKKC HNC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AJS PRD ECS BKKC. Wrote the paper: AJS PRD ECS BKKC HNC. Collections, photographs and field notes (between California and Panama): AJS, ECS. Collections, photographs and field notes (from British Columbia): PRD. Observations and macro-photography of living animals in the laboratory: AJS.